What is the solar pump system? What are the components?

What is the solar pump system?

The solar water pump system is an optical and electromechanical integration system that has been rapidly developed in recent years and uses solar energy to raise water. The basic working principle is to use solar cells to form an array, convert solar energy directly into electric energy, and then drive various types of electric motors to drive high-efficiency and energy-saving pumps to pump water from rivers, lakes, deep wells and other water sources. The solar water pump system is “sunrise, sunset and rest”, fully automatic operation, no noise, high reliability, and has been widely used all over the world, especially in developing countries. The photovoltaic pump system is roughly composed of a photovoltaic array, a controller, a motor and a water pump.

First, the photovoltaic array

Many solar cell strings are connected in parallel to form a photovoltaic array, which functions to directly convert solar energy into direct current electrical energy. The solar cells currently used in photovoltaic pump systems are mostly silicon solar cells, including monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon and amorphous silicon solar cells. The maximum rated power of a solar cell is also its maximum output power.

Second, the controller

The power output of the photovoltaic array is closely related to the meteorological conditions such as solar irradiance, ambient temperature, yin, sunny, rain, fog, etc. The output of the photovoltaic array is changed with the sunshine, and the DC power is used as the photovoltaic pump, the DC motor. AC motors and even other new motors are used as their drive motors. In this case, it is necessary to make the PV pump system work to provide ideal conditions, and to maximize the potential of PV array output power for any sunshine. This is going to have an adapter. The contents of the adapter are mainly the maximum power point tracker, inverter and some protection facilities.

Third, the motor and water pump

The other measures of the PV pump system are to make the water more stable and reliable, or to be implemented in the work of the motor and the water pump. They can form an assembly. This assembly requires maximum reliability. And high efficiency. For photovoltaic pumps, the combination of motor and pump is not as simple as the common motor and pump combination. Since the power level and voltage level of the motor are largely limited by the voltage level and power level of the solar array, When the requirements for the pump head and flow rate are reflected on the motor, it is generally necessary to design specifically under the condition of taking into consideration the array structure. For different requirements of different users, the driving motor for photovoltaic water pump has: traditional DC motor with different voltage levels, DC brushless permanent magnet motor, three-phase asynchronous motor, permanent magnet synchronous motor, reluctance motor and so on. From the current use situation, the three-phase asynchronous motor and the DC brushless motor are the most, and the high-power system mainly uses the high-efficiency three-phase asynchronous motor. There are also some characteristics in the selection and design of pumps in photovoltaic pump systems. According to the user's different requirements for flow and lift, according to the economy and reliability, the pump type can be selected according to the following principles: users who choose the volumetric pump generally require high lift and small flow; large flow and high lift are required. Users should choose a submersible pump; users who need a large flow but a low lift should generally use a self-priming pump.